The Prince and the Discourses on Livy Essays

The Prince and the Discourses on Livy Essays The Prince and the Discourses on Livy Paper The Prince and the Discourses on Livy Paper Article Topic: The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli was at his time and keeps on being currently days one of the most powerful and progressive creators known consistently. His compositions, unmistakable from other renaissance creators of the age, make accentuation on his own perspectives and his feelings on the political issues occurring in Florence, Italy. Further talked about in the content are two of Machiavelli’s most eminent works, The Prince and the Discourses on Livy. The two books appreciate Machiavelli’s understandings of legislative issues and unequivocal investigation on the different techniques for governments as for realms and republics. Machiavelli had numerous goals as a primary concern when he was first composing The Prince, among which where to comprehend, educate and impact the brains of rulers at that point. All the more exactly, Machiavelli intended to impact the brain of one ruler specifically, the leader of Florence Lorenzo de’ Medici to whom the book is committed. Machiavelli’s reason all through the book expected to help Lorenzo de’ Medici accomplish greatness as a sovereign and guide him on the most proficient method to appropriately lead Florence. The clench hand part of The Prince opens up by portraying what number of sorts of governments there are, in what way they are offered ascend to and how they are later on procured by states. Inquisitively, it is in reality, the main sentence of Chapter I which contains, what is maybe, the most significant disclosure in Machiavelli’s whole works from the Prince___ â€Å"ALL states and governments that have had, and have at present, territory over men, have been and are either republics or realms. Being presented the point on governments, Machiavelli continues to make a colleague on territories and limits himself to speak just about this one kind of government___ â€Å"I Will not talk about here the subject of republics, having rewarded of them finally somewhere else, however will keep myself just to realms. † Machiavelli contends that territories can be either innate, new or blended. Inherited territories are the sorts of realms â€Å"where the legislature has been for quite a while in the group of the ruler. The ruler, in the line to succeed, is the characteristic beneficiary to an ideal constitution on which to put together his standard with respect to and for which individuals are acclimated. He clarifies that all together for the characteristic ruler to proceed with the great rule, is it just enough that he adjusts to the request for things recently settled by his antecedents and sporadically need to adjust establishments to the recent developments. Machiavelli contends that ereditary territories are kept up with considerably less exertion and trouble than new or blended realms in reason that innate territories, having caused a reasonable start, to have had the opportunity to consummate its constitution and laws to guarantee security and carry substance to those who live under its standard. Though in blended and new territories that rulers, having made another beginning, may effectively use up all available time before having consummated its c onstitution and hence end up by devastating the state. What's more, Machiavelli contends that the characteristic sovereign was likewise at risk of acquiring the fondness of the individuals who had at different periods in time become acquainted with he’s family. Along these lines, to the impediment of new coming ruler’s, the regular sovereign had for his benefit a characteristic demeanor of the subjects in the innate state to cherish the decision family. At last, Machiavelli finishes up his section on inherited realms by saying that â€Å"for each change and modification consistently readies the way and encourages the following. In straightforward english, that in inherited states the standard from sovereign to ruler is encouraged by welcoming on a change at various occasions allowing individuals a chance to come acclimate at their own pace, while new or blended territories are obliged to uphold change instantly. Machiavelli has additional time gotten a typical modifier to impropriety for he profoundly accepts that the prin ciple goal to legislative issues is by all way to stay in power. Machiavelli thinks about the ideals of the sovereign as the uprightness of mental fortitude, quality and above all masculinity. He contends that it if the common ruler has such outrageous adroitness, he will consistently keep up himself in the state except if denied by an unrivaled power. Regardless, if the regular sovereign has reasons enough to aggravate his surrenders and makes himself be detested, individuals will readily exchange him for another ruler the expectations that the new ruler will be superior to the current one. Machiavelli says that once the sovereign is supplanted, the state is no longer to be viewed as an inherited territory however be delegated a blended realm. As Machiavelli had from the outset noted, new and blended territories are in reality considerably more hard to keep up. For it is in new and blended realms that challenges begin to introduce themselves. Machiavelli expresses that transformations to frame blended realms, where men change their rulers happily in the conviction that they will better themselves by the change, emerge from a characteristic trouble. Shockingly for the individuals, issues for Machiavelli don't stop here, for he contends that it is â€Å"an interminable number of different wrongs that follow in the train of new victories. At the point when the new ruler assumes control over another prince’s space, he ends up in a sensitive circumstance concerning the individuals who put him in power and with those whom he harmed by holding onto that realm. He clarifies that the new ruler has â€Å"for adversaries each one of those whom he has harmed by holding onto that realm; and simultaneously he can't protect as c ompanions even the individuals who have supported him in acquiring ownership, since he can't fulfill their desires, nor would he be able to utilize solid measures against them, being under commitments to them. Closed then that, regardless of how solid the new ruler might be for he will consistently require the altruism of the occupants on the off chance that he wishes to go into firm ownership of the nation. So far found in the Prince, Machiavelli restricted himself to speak just around one sort of government, territories. However, in the Discourses on Livy, he proceeds onward to advance what he had put aside in The Prince, republics. It is at that point, that he’s compositions take another bearing driving the best approach to six types of government not referenced previously. Whence, giving an entirely different reason to his second book which is to additionally clarify and portray each sort of government there are and especially which will have the more advantages for any republic. It is essential to note, heretofore, that the Discourses on Livy are viewed as Machiavelli’s brief critiques on the history from the Foundation of Rome by Titus Livy. Thus, a large portion of the conversations on governments in the Discourses on Livy will relate to some broaden the type of government in the Roman Republic. Explanation behind this is Machiavelli thought of Rome as something other than the capital of the republic yet rather contemplated it as a wellspring of motivation and forward more his good example to an ideal government___ â€Å"Having proposed to myself to treat of the sort of government set up at Rome, and of the occasions that prompted its flawlessness. † right away, Machiavelli recognizes three sorts of governments, the monarchical, the noble, and the law based. All things considered, in the wake of having perused different creators, he makes represent six sorts of governments, three of which he named exceptionally awful, and the other three of which he delegated great. From Machiavelli’s origination that the three terrible ones outcome from the debasement of the initial three is the development of Machiavelli’s pattern of governments in which the government turns into an oppression, the nobility deteriorates into theocracy lastly the famous government or popular government slips into lewdness. Machiavelli contends that â€Å"chance has brought forth these various types of governments among men† for toward the start of times there were no states nor governments however simply free people meandering around. As humankind expanded, the need for joining themselves made itself felt. This need of which Machiavelli talks is not all that much and nothing not as much as dread, dread for endurance and want for assurance and self-preservation. Thereupon, placing themselves into understanding, men consented to pick the savvies and generally only from among themselves and spot him at their head with the guarantee to obey___monarchy. Sway was to be inherited and non-elective. However, short after, kids started to normally decline from their dads offering up to uncommon indecencies, libertinage, and brutality. Thus, the sovereign before long drew upon himself the general scorn of his kin. It is at that point, that Machiavelli charges that the ruler as â€Å"An object of disdain, he normally felt dread; dread thus directed to him safety measures and wrongs, and in this manner oppression immediately created itself. † Growing discontent from the prince’s shock and overabundances made outfitted masses of amazing pioneers oblige the ruler to give up the seat and further established without anyone else the new government___aristocracy. The distinguished rulers incapacitated to stay content with the common fairness of fortune gave up to rapacity and desire. By and by, encountered a similar destiny likewise with the primary despot, individuals set out to put t

How do you think domestic and foreign intelligence should work in this Assignment

How would you figure household and remote knowledge should work in this nation - Assignment Example Outside insight envelops security observation arranged by cross-fringe forces and characters. Knowledge administration is the most delicate national establishment that must be agreed most extreme self-governance to keep the nation from defenselessness to fear based oppressor assault. America being the assumed worldwide superpower is an objective for psychological warfare and different types of fierce assaults. The U.S. relies upon the two its local and remote insight data to battle as well as contain the world’s fear mongering. It requires a profoundly private, equipped and viable insight administration both from household instruments and from outside info (Marks, 2010). After the September 11 assaults, collaboration and close coordination is required among national and worldwide knowledge in America (Marks, 2010). In any case, there ought not be finished converge of the two organizations. While they ought to participate to convey corresponding data, their individual self-rule ought to likewise have clear boundary. The country’s security the executives ought to build up a focal organizing body that orchestrates data dispersal from either side of the security establishments. The job of this body is give further examination to the insight data before conveying trustworthy cautious data to the administration. The particular jobs of these two establishments ought to likewise have unmistakable specifications to maintain a strategic distance from struggle and duplication of reconnaissance data. Moreover, the validness of outside insight reconnaissance is slowly cherished in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of

Models for Change Business Process Reengineering Essay

Evaluate Business Strategy In the same way as other different methodologies, BPR cases to adjust association change (and IT improvement) with business technique. This is significant on the grounds that BPR concentrates of improving procedures which are of essential vital significance. The supposition that will be that procedure is as of now decided, and that it is remotely focussed, managing clients, items, providers and markets. BPR is very particular from key arranging. Select Processes Here we pick those procedures on which we will think our reengineering exertion. This decision includes various advances. Recognize Major Processes A procedure as â€Å"a structured,measured set of exercises intended to create a predetermined yield for a specific client or market, process is â€Å"an interrelated arrangement of exercises that convert business contributions to business yields (by changing the condition of applicable business entities)†. Decide Process Boundaries This is anything but difficult to state and difficult to do. A few procedures, for example, item produce, are genuinely self-evident, however there might be question whether to incorporate exercises, for example, materials acquisition inside this procedure. Some of the time the limits between forms which tail each other (eg advertising and deals, conveyance and establishment) are difficult to concur. Procedures which include beyond what one organization can likewise mess limit up. Survey Strategic Relevance Normally reengineering will focus on few procedures. This may appear problematic, however gave the procedures picked are finished (not parts of procedures) and the reengineering is exhaustive, a stream on impact will likely imply that inadmissible neighboring procedures will before long become contender for overhaul. So we should start with those procedures which are generally basic to the organisation’s methodology. At UTS, for example, the significant methodology may be to get more cash from industry. Procedures straightforwardly adding to this system would be acceptable contender for reengineering. Qualify Culture and Politics This progression (which is even less quantifiable than the others) surveys the way of life and governmental issues of the hierarchical units performing exercises inside the procedure, and how these units are seen in more extensive authoritative legislative issues and culture. Procedures in a clinical school, for example, might be more diligently to reengineer than those in a business college, both in light of the fact that the clinical school puts a high incentive on its autonomy and on the grounds that it is exceptionally respected by the remainder of the college (or even society). Since effective reengineering eventually relies upon the participation of those playing out the procedure, it is smarter to manage forms where the way of life and legislative issues are positive. Making a Process Vision â€Å"Creating a solid and continued linkage among technique and the manner in which work is done is a suffering test in complex associations. Since business forms characterize how work is done, we are managing the connection among system and processes.In BPR, as in all plan work, making the vision is the significant stage; and it is additionally the least organized. In evaluating system and choosing forms we were attempting to comprehend things which (in principle) as of now exist. Thus when we come to survey existing procedures and assets. For structure and execution we might be helped by rules, approachs and instances of comparative frameworks. Yet, in making a dream we are pretty much all alone. There are various strategies, which are known to help in the inventive procedure. When taking a shot at process dreams it is likewise useful to consider in which zones of the business we wish to upgrade forms. Davenport manages two parts of vision creation: the quest for a dream and visi on attributes. Vision †search Procedure visons must be identified with system, so we may look to the organisation’s technique for motivation. This expect the system is adequately explicit to provide a feeling of guidance (eg â€Å"improve nature of administration to ordinary customers† as opposed to â€Å"improve quality†). Contemplating procedure likewise keeps the vision search at the correct level †expansive yet explicit. Since much BPR work underpins a client centered system, it is imperative to have client contribution to the vision. All the more for the most part, the â€Å"customer† is the one accepting the business yield, and this incorporates inner clients; it is significant that we realize the yield is â€Å"right† before we begin turning out how to create it. Benchmarking, with regards to making a venture, implies perceiving how others do it. This is identified with receiving â€Å"best practice†, however in the event that we need upper hand we may need to show improvement over â€Å"best†; in any case, it is acceptable to discover what is best up until now. We are searching for thoughts, not mirroring, so we may search for benchmarks in very various sorts of association; in actuality this might be simpler, since our immediate rivals may not wish to uncover their â€Å"best† practice to us. Vision †destinations and traits â€Å"Process dreams, similar to techniques, ought to be anything but difficult to convey to the association, no threatening to the individuals who must actualize (or who are influenced by) them, and as moving as quantifiable targets can be.† [Davenport,p119] The procedure vision shows what we need our new procedure to do and to an exceptionally constrained degree how it will do it. These are separately the procedure targets and properties. The destinations ought to have a client or business center †they should genuinely be worried about result. They should as indicated by all the specialists be quantifiable †we should have the option to tell how we have done. Also, they ought to be straightforward and non-contradicty †we don’t need an extensive rundown of contending goals, nor destinations whose measures are just conceivable to a mathematician, financial expert or bookkeeper. Commonplace goals would be â€Å"reduce conveyance time by 50%† or †Å"double the quantity of potential clients reached per month†. The qualities demonstrate how we mean to accomplish the goals, maybe regarding innovation or general standards. It is to some degree unordinary to create goals and means at the same time yet since BPR is focusing on radical destinations it is important to have some sign of how they will be accomplished before the board will be set up to focus on the plan stage. Notice that it is significant at this phase to consider an assortment of means before the vision is finished. Adding credits to our targets may give â€Å"reduce conveyance time by half by redistributing conveyance services† or â€Å"use to web to twofold the quantity of potential clients reached every month without expanding staff†. Davenport brings up that extreme change may be accomplished by setting eager destinations †â€Å"creativity must be energized by setting unimaginable goals†. Comprehend and Improve Existing Processes A few defenders of BPR advocate beginning with a â€Å"clean slate† however most (counting Davenport) suggest that we invest energy contemplating existing procedures. There are various explanations behind this: †¢People in the associations (and clients) will utilize language dependent on the current procedures. We have to utilize this language to clarify our recommendations. †¢When executing the new procedures we should design change from the present circumstance †the current procedures. †¢The existing procedures might be causing issues which we could without much of a stretch rehash on the off chance that we don't get them. Existing procedures may likewise contain exercises for maintaining a strategic distance from issues which we probably won't envision. †¢The existing procedures are the base from which we measure improvement. Considering the current procedures incorporates the accompanying exercises: †¢The current procedure stream is portrayed utilizing any appropriate graphing technique. Such a technique ought to show the succession of exercises, trigger occasions, time taken for every movement and any buffering delays. †¢The current procedure is assessed against the new targets and evaluated for conformance to the new qualities. †¢Problems with the present procedure are distinguished. It is critical to recall that reengneering isn't implied just to support existing procedures. †¢Short term upgrades to the present procedures are proposed. It isn't prudent to delay basic enhancements until complete reengineering is finished. Evaluate Social and Technical Resources In this progression we judge whether we have the assets accessible to continue with the undertaking. â€Å"Social resources† allude to the association and the individuals in it. Is the association used to change? Are there key supporters of BPR? Does the association have a convention of collaboration and open conversation? Is there an air of trust? What abilities are accessible? Are individuals ready to learn? In the event that social assets seem, by all accounts, to be deficient, they should be created previously or during the reengineering venture. The equivalent applies to specialized assets, however these are simpler to pass judgment. Is suitable innovation accessible to help the new procedures? This implies equipment, programming and gifted individuals. Impediments especially happen with arrange foundation. Once more, missing capacities should be created, despite the fact that for this situation (in contrast to social assets) redistributing is a chance. Plan and Implement New Processes Structure and execution of the new procedures can utilize any appropriate technique, yet various focuses should be recalled. †¢Since BPR is execution situated the strategy must have the option to anticipate execution during plan. †¢BPR ventures are intended to be done rapidly †the approach should bolster this. †¢Stakeholders (the two clients and the individuals who will be working the procedure) must be included. â?

Congratulations to Our Students

Congratulations to Our Students March 27 Congratulations to the students of Ivy Coach who got into the universities of their dreams today! Congratulations to our students at Ivy Coach, many of whom learned today that theyve been admitted to the college(s) of their dreams. From Stanford to Yale to Harvard, Dartmouth, Penn, Duke, and so many more, our students received some very happy news today! Today is actually one of our very favorite days of the year. Its the day when we get notes like this: I got in!!!!!!!!!!! THANK YOU!!!!!! Without question, we see more exclamation points on this day every year than every other day (except the Early Decision / Early Action decision day because many of our students apply Early with our encouragement). Yesterday we got one of our favorite notes ever. This is how it went (although weve redacted the name): The 27th is tomorrow. I wanted to take a minute to express my gratitude to you. My daughter is fortunate to have worked with you. No matter Thursdays outcome, she has four great options already on the table, one truly outstanding. Your assistance and guidance has been invaluable. Thank you very much. And to one of our students who got into one of Americas best colleges this afternoon, texting your mom the best news of your life to date was a lame decision! We hope you figure out a creative way to tell your dad. Fool him. Figure out a fun way to break some of the best news that hell ever receive. Youll always remember it, we promise!

Transparency in Apple’s Corporate Statements - 3574 Words

Apple, Inc.: Transparency in Corporate Statements About the CEO On June 9, 2008, at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in San Francisco, numerous media outlets and a packed house waited to hear Apple Chief Executive Steve Jobs’s keynote address introducing the new iPhone 3G. While the product’s debut drew raves worldwide, the real buzz was created by how gaunt and exhausted Steve Jobs appeared on stage. Rumors immediately began circulating on Internet forums on the apparent source of his condition – perhaps a reemergence of the pancreatic cancer he suffered in 2004 or some new unknown ailment plaguing the widely revered business icon? Six months after the WWDC, Apple announced that Jobs would not be delivering his customary†¦show more content†¦Since Jobs’s gaunt appearance at the WWDC in June 2008, Wall Street has been keeping a close eye on Apple. Its share price has been shifting with the different emerging announcements. While there is a segment of the public that feels that a person’s medic al condition is a matter of privacy and not under the realm of public disclosure, there is a segment that insists that, in this case, it is indeed within the purview of shareholders. Michael Hiltzik of the Los Angeles Times emphatically stated that â€Å"Apple has allowed its institutional arrogance, its culture of secretiveness, and possibly its solicitude for and fear of Jobs to lead it down a path of rank corporate irresponsibility.†4 Apple is facing credibility issues with both its corporate communication and with concerns regarding the company’s success without Steve Jobs. As Dylan Ratigan stated on CNBC’s Fast Money, â€Å"†¦the quality of information we’re getting from Apple is inconsistent at best and misleading at worst.†5 Combined with post-Jobs jitters, it seems unlikely that such a highly praised, successful company with an extremely loyal customer base would invoke such backlash and concern about its future over any single employe e, but clearly Steve Jobs proves to be the exception. Early Days Apple Computer was established on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald

The Psychological Reasoning to Sams Behavior in the Movie...

The Psychology 1 The Psychology to Sam s Rebellion Melanie Lafayette Psychology 2012. Section 162 Professor Freeman December 03, 2010 The Psychology 2 In the movie Life as a House, George s son, Sam goes through new changes in behavior. When the movie begun Sam was a rebellious young teen with negative feelings toward his father. Throughout the plot of the movie Sam goes through experiences with his father as they spend time together over the summer, which brings them closer together and allows them to have a better relationship. Sam s acting out and unwanted actions were results of his parents divorce and not having a healthy relationship with his father. In Psychology, the basic concept of Nature vs. Nurture is said to†¦show more content†¦He would still have Negative feelings but his actions wouldn t have been so extreme. Nurturing come in again with learning and conditioning. If his father was around more to reinforce his behavior, he wouldn t have been the young teenaged boy who lashed out. Operant Conditioning is a way of learning and Sam needed to learn that his actions have consequences. Sam has a problem with substance abuse. In an intense seen with his father, he admits to have been using since he was twelve years old. Along with the stress of his parents divorce his drug abuse is a factor contributing to his extreme behavior. It is said that â€Å"a striking consequence of drug use by young people is its association with violence and delinquency† (Winters, 2010, p.118). Sam has become so accustomed to the use of drugs, since hes been taking them for so many years, that he even steals his fathers Vicodine. Anything to ease his pain. Not only does he suffer with drug abuse he also seems to have depression. Depression is a common illness for those who have divorced or absent parents. â€Å"Depressed teenagers are more reactive to the environment than depressed adults. In addition, they act irritable. In classical depression, you are depressed all--or almost all-of the time. Depressed teens moods are much more changeable. If an adult male gets depressed and you take him to a party, he is still depressed. In fact, he may depress othersShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesgames and other gadgets (such as the iPod) to appeal to a larger and wider market  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press    18 †¢ †¢ †¢ Quicker product development times; essentially in fast-paced industries where products may have a short product life cycle Marketing opportunities are enhanced with the use of improved technology, e.g. purchasing music online through iTunes Any other relevant factor that is explained [3 – 4 marks] There are good explanations of how the technological environmentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Late Payment and Insurable Interest †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Late Payment and Insurable Interest. Answer: Introduction: The essentials of a valid contract are intention, consideration, capacity and consent (Kong et al. 2016). Therefore, in order to make the contract legally binding upon the contracting parties, there must be an existence of an agreement, an intention to form an agreement, consideration, capacity of the contracting parties and legal consent. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that a contract can be made verbally or in a written form (Munoz 2017). The existence of an oral assurance in a contract was first established with the help of Parole Evidence Rule. The Parole Evidence Role was first observed in the landmark cases of Sydney V Taylor (1891) 12 LR (NSW) 252 (at 262) [2] and Goss V Lord Nugent (1833) 5 B Ad 58 (at 64-65) ; 110 ER 713 (at 716). In these landmark cases, the terms of contract in relation to oral and verbal contract were determined. The Courts in such cases generally assume that the terms and requirement contained in the contract are specifically planned b y the parties however; lacked the confidence to perform the requirements of the contract. The Parole Evidence Rule focuses on the existence of unreliable evidence for instance management, an oral agreement and in some cases a written agreement that has not been included in the contract (Epstein, Archer and Davis 2014). Therefore, it is worth noting that in order to provide appropriate support to the intention of the parties to contract, the Parole Evidence Rule has been applied by the Courts. Applying the Parole Evidence Rule, the Court is at the authority to reach at a final decision in relation to the duties and rights of the parties to contract for the purpose of preventing imitation and deceptive claims (Veasey and Simon 2017). According to this rule, the consequences faced as a result of oral contract cannot be claimed or modified for the purpose of discharging the written contract. Various exceptions are there under the Parole Evidence Rule, that are The nature of the written agreement in the contract may be such that may not form the part of the whole contract as intended by the parties; there may be the presence of an oral agreement (Arnold?Dwyer 2017). Therefore, the condition of oral contract can only allowed by the Court on the ground that the written agreement in the contract was not intended to form the part of the whole agreement (Zeng 2015). However in such cases, one of the parties to the contract may take unfair disadvantage of the other party which was held in Van den Esschert v Chappell [1960] WAR 114. In Van den Esschert v Chappell [1960] WAR 114 it was observed that before signing the contract for sale agreement the seller guaranteed the purchaser by way of oral assurance that there were no existence of white ants in the house. Afterwards the purchaser observed that as a result of the presence of white ants in the house it destroyed all the timber. The seller was sued and the purchaser received compensation for the damages. It was held by the Court that, the oral assurance given by the seller regarding the presence of white ants formed an essential part of the contract, although it was not mentioned in the written contract. Similarly in Nemeth v Bayswater Road Pty Ltd [1988] 2 Qd R 406, it was observed that the defendant was sued by the plaintiff as the defendant assured that there were no additional charges in the contract. Later on identifying the additional charges from the written document the plaintiff sued the defendant. In the present case study it can be observed that there was a oral assurance on the part of Kalpana when she mention that the form of the dance will be traditional, classical Indian dance. A contract was signed between her and Rafia where the form of dance was not mentioned neither Kalpanas oral assurance. Therefore, the exception of party written and party oral contract can be applied here. It can be stated that the nature of contract which existed between Kalpana and Rafia was partly written and partly oral. Therefore, it can be stated that the verbal assurance on the part of Kalpana is a term of contract. The case study Van den Esschert v Chappell [1960] WAR 114. In Van den Esschert v Chappell [1960] WAR 114 can be referred in this regard where it was observed that the seller (defendant) has to compensate for the damages for not acting in terms of the verbal assurance given by him although there was a presence of a written contract. In the present case study, it can be observed th at though the form of the dance was not mentioned in the contract is formed an important part of it by way of oral assurance from Kalpanas part. The condition in a contract is regarded as the fundamental term whereas a warranty is considered to be a statement in the contract which provides assurance to the parties about the factual matters present in the contract which was held in Poussard v Spiers (1875) L.R. 1 QBD 410andBettini v Gye (1875) L.R. 1 QBD 183. In this regard, the subject-matter of collateral contract can be discussed. Collateral contract is considered as a separate contract which exists in relation to the main contract. In case of collateral contract there is a possibility on the part of the parties to involve in an oral or verbal agreement which exists along with the written contract. In Heilbut,SymonsandCo.v Buckleton[1913] AC 30, it was held that during the formation of a contract each and every agreement made by the parties should be taken into consideration. Similarly in De Lassalle v Guildford(1901) 2 KB 215 it was held that a verbal agreement must be consistent with the written contract. The definition o f warranty can be emphasized in order to explain the importance of promise and assurance clearly. A warranty can be defined as a oral assurance given by the seller to the buyer prior to the contract in order to assure the buyer regarding the nature, quality and specific performance of the product (Dunt 2015). However, in certain cases, it can be observed that the warranties provided by the buyer to the seller fail to perform according to the assurance provided during the time of signing the contract. Therefore, warranty can be defined as the assurance or promise on the part of the buyer to the seller. In a recent case Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Carlyle [2013] CSIH 75, it was observed that promises, oral assurances and collateral warranties can be treated as important terms of a written contract. In this case it was observed that there was an existence of collateral warranty on the part of the employee for the purpose of providing oral assurance. It was held by the Court that colla teral warranties plays significant role in a written contract which is often associated with verbal promise and assurance. In case of breach of such collateral warranty, the defendant shall be held liable. Therefore, it is important to note the verbal assurances or promises create an obligation on the part of the parties to complete the terms of the contract. The Court in this regard, investigated the fact that whether a telephonic conversation on the part of the defendant can actually be considered as a collateral warranty. The Court at this point of time expressed its doubt regarding the fact that whether collateral warranty can be defined as the element which exists as a distinct legal entity along with the main contract or whether it can be treated as an oral assurance which may or may not be used as an essential term in the contract. Therefore, in the conclusion, it was held by the Court that warranty can be treated as a free-standing legal entity and an oral assurance on the p art of one of the parties. In British Workmans and General Assurance Co v Wilkinson(1900) 8 SLTit was held by the Court that collateral warranties must be contractual in nature management. In the present case study it can be observed that there was a oral assurance on the part of Kalpana when she assured Rafia regarding the nature of the dance form. Therefore, the cases of Poussard v Spiers (1875) L.R. 1 QBD 410andBettini v Gye (1875) L.R. 1 QBD 183 can be applied in which it was held that warranty can be treated as a statement which assures the parties regarding the matters contained in such contract. The case study of Heilbut,SymonsandCo.v Buckleton[1913] AC 30 can be referred as it was held that each and every agreement made by the parties during the course of contract must be taken into consideration. Similarly, in case of Kalpana and Rafia, there was an agreement that the dance from must be classical and traditional however; there was no mention of such dance form in the written contract. The agreement formed a collateral contract which existed along with the written contract. The case of De Lassalle v Guildford(1901) 2 KB 215 can be applied as the oral assurance given by Kalpana was consistent with the written contract. The case of Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Carlyle [2013] CSIH 75 can be referred as it was held by the Court that an oral assurance can be treated as a collateral warranty which exists in relation with the main contract. In the present case study, it is evident that there was a presence of oral assurance along with the written contract. The case of British Workmans and General Assurance Co v Wilkinson(1900) 8 SLT can be referred as it was held that collateral warranties must bear contractual characteristics. Therefore, in the present case study it can be observed that the collateral warranty which existed between Kalpana and Rafia was contractual in nature. In law of contract, for the purpose of making the contract enforceable, there must be an agreement between two or more parties. However, if one of the parties to the contract fails to act according the terms of the contract, there is a performance of breach of contract. The remedies for breach of contract under the common law can be divided into damages and liquidated claims. Damages in case of breach of contract are often considered as a substitute for performance. Liquidated damages shall be available as a remedy where there is a presence of a clause in the contract which has been agreed by the parties regarding a particular amount which shall be payable upon breach of contract. There are equitable remedies as well which includes specific performance and injunctions. Specific performance is the order granted by the Court to the parties in breach of contract for the purpose of performing the contract in a specified manner (Ostendorf 2015). Specific performance can be ordered by the Court if it comes to its knowledge that damages are not enough to provide adequate compensation to the injured party. However, injunctions are orders directed by the Court towards the breaching party restraining him from doing a particular task. In Airloom Holdings Pty Ltd v Thales Australia Ltd [2011] NSWSC 1513 it was held that there is a right to sue for damages on the part of the contractors for the purpose of claiming damages for non-performance. In Commonwealth of Australia v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) 174 CLR 64, it was held by the Court that the injured party should be placed in a position as it would have been occurred, if the terms of the contract were performed. Specific performance can be applied by the Court in case of breach of contract where monetary damages are not enough or adequate to fulfill the needs of the injured. However, it is a discretionary remedy which may not be imposed by the Court where damages will provide appropriate remedy (Veasey and Simon 2017). On the other hand, damages are losses or cost that can be incurred during the course of contract for breach of contract on the part of one of the parties. Therefore, in this regard, it is worth stating that on breach of contract, liquidated damages can be imposed. An injunction may be interlocutory, mandatory and prohibitory. An interlocutory injunction is granted by the Court for the purpose of the purpose of maintaining the status quo of the matter concerned. Mandatory injunction can be imposed by the Court for the purpose of directing something to do. The prohibitory injunction however, prohibits the party to do something. In the present scenario, it can be observed that, USC invested thousands of dollars in advertising the multicultural dance program. However, the USC had to refund those tickets to the patrons on demand. Therefore, it can be stated that there is an authority on the part of USC to sue Kalpana for breach of contract and claim damages for the losses incurred. The case of Airloom Holdings Pty Ltd v Thales Australia Ltd [2011] NSWSC 1513 can be referred where it was held that the parties can sue and claim for damages for non-performance of contract. Similarly, in the present case scenario, it can be observed that there was non-performance on the part of Kalpana and therefore there is a right on the part of USC to sue for damages. The case of Commonwealth of Australia v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) 174 CLR 64 can be referred in the present case as it is necessary to place Kalpana in that position which has been faced by USC, if she performed all the terms of the contract completely. It is evident that specific performances can be applied by the courts when monetary damages are not enough to incur the losses suffered by the injured party. Therefore, in the present case study, there is a possibility that the Court may grant specific performance, if the damages does not prove to be adequate for USC. 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